Jenis-jenis Text

Resume of kinds of text

1. NARRATIVE

Narrative’s purpose and social function is informing and entertaining readers with a story or factual experiences.

o Untuk menghibur pembaca dengan cerita dongeng, misal cerita tentang hewan, legenda rakyat atau mitos (to entertain the readers with a fairy tale)

o Untuk menghibur pembaca dengan cerita pengalaman nyata atau khayal, misal horror atau sejarah (to entertain and deal with actual or vicarious experience)

Narrative’s Generic Structure:

1. Orientation: sets the scene and introduces the participants.

2. Evaluation: a stepping back to evaluate the plight.

3. Complication: a crisis arises.

4. Resolution: the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse.

5. Reorientation: optional.

2. RECOUNT

Recount’s purpose is sharing an account in series of events in the past

o Untuk menceritakan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dimasa lampau dengan tujuan memberitahukan atau menghibur (to retell evens for the purpose of informing or entertaining)

Recount’s Generic Structure:

1. Orientation: provides the setting and introduces participants.

2. Event(s): tell what happened. In what sequence.

3. Reorientation (optional): optional-closure of events.

3. PROCEDURE

Procedure’s purpose is showing readers on how to do or make something completely

o Memberi petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu (to describe how something is accompiished) melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah.

Procedure’s Generic Structure:

1. Goal/Aim

2. Materials/Equipments: not required for all procedural texts

3. Steps/Methods: goal followed by a series of steps oriented to achieving the goal

4. DESCRIPTIVE

Descriptive’s purpose is describing a particular person, place or thing in detail.

o Memnggambarkan cirri-ciri seseorang, benda, binatang atau tempat tertentu (to describe a particular person, thing, animal or place).

Descriptive’s Generic Structure:

1. Identification:identifies phenomenon to be describe.

2. Description: of part, character or quality, characteristics

5. NEWS ITEM

News Item’s purpose is informing readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

o Memberikan informasi kepada pembaca, pendengar atau penonton tentang peristiwa-peristiwa atau kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan (to inform readers, listeners or viewers about of the day which are considered newsworthy or important)

News Item’s Generic Structure:

1. Newsworthy event(s): recounts the event in summary form.

2. Background event(s): elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.

3. Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.

6. REPORT

Report’s purpose is presenting information about thing and phenomenon as they are. Commonly Report is released after careful observation.

o Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu apa adanya (to describe the way things are), sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi benda, binatang, gejala alam, atau gejala-gejala social dilingkunhan kita.

Report’s Generic Structure:

1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

7. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Analytical Exposition’s purpose is revealing the readers that something is the important case.

o Mempengaruhi pembaca untuk memberikan perhatian terhadap suatu masalah tertentu (to persuade the readers to be concerned with one case) dengan mengajukan argument-argumen.

Analytical exposition’s Generic Structure:
1.Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
2.Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position
3.Argument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position more
4.Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

8. HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Hortatory Exposition’s purpose is persuading the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done

o Mempengaruhi pembaca bahwa sesuatu itu sebenarnya demikian atau tidak demikian (to persuade the readers that something should be or should not be the case).

Hortatory exposition’s Generic Structure:

1. Thesis: statement of disputed issues

2. Arguments: a reason why there are concerns, and led to recommendations.

3. Recommendation: statement about what should or should not.

9. ANECDOTE

Anecdote’s purpose is sharing an account of an unusual or amusing incident.

o Menceritakan kejadian atau peristiwa lucu atau tidak lazim, baik berdasarkan khayalan atau kejadian nyata (to share and amusing or unusual incident with orders)

Anecdote’s Generic Structure :

1. Abstract: mark or show retelling unusual occurrence.

2. Orientation: shows the evens of crisis.

3. Crisis: Describe in detail the evens that are unusual.

4. Reaction: response to the crisis

5. Coda: reflection or evaluation of the incident.

10. SPOOF

Spoof’s purpose is entertaining readers with a humorous and amusing story

o Memnceritakan kejadian yang pernah dialami, dengan akhir cerita yang lucu (to retell an even with humorous twist

Spoos’s Generic Structure:

1. Orientation: introducing participants (figure), time and placeof

2. Event(s): contains the event/ events/ activities 1,2,3, etc

3. Twist: unexpected end or funny.

11. EXPLANATION

Explanation’s purpose is explaining the processes involved in the formation or working of thing; natural or socio-cultural phenomena.

o menjelaskan proses yang terlibat dalam pembentukan atau bekerja hal; alami atau fenomena sosial-budaya.

Explanation’s Generic Structure:

1. General statement: position the reader.

2. Explanation: a sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs

3. Closing statement

12. DISCUSSION

Discussion’s purpose is presenting opinion about issues from more than one side perception (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)

o menyajikan pendapat tentang isu-isu dari lebih dari satu sisi persepsi ( 'Untuk / Pro' dan 'Melawan / Cons')

Discussion’s Generic Structure:

1. Issue: statement, preview

2. Arguments for and against: point, ellaboration

3. Conclusion: recommendation

13. REVIEW

Review’s purpose is evaluating an art work or event for a public audience.

o mengevaluasi karya seni atau kejadian untuk khalayak umum.

Review’s Generic Structure:

1. Orientation: palces the work in its general and particular context, often by comparing it with others of its kind or through analogue with a non-art object or event.

2. Interpretative Recount: summaries the plot and/or provides an account of how the reviewed rendition of the wprk came into being; is optional, but if present, often recursive.

4. Evaluation: provides an evaluation of the work and/or its performance or productions; is usually recursive.

5. Evaluative Summation: provides a kind of punchline which sums up the reviewer’s opinion of the art event as whola; is optional.